Big 4 Snacks - Business Plan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1315 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Big 4 Snacks Business Plan Confidentiality Agreement Executive Summary Business Description Mission Values Integrity Professionalism Goals Marketing Plan Target Market Market Size and Market Share Competition Marketing Strategy Product Strategy Promotion Strategy Pricing Strategy Distribution Strategy Location Management Organisational structure Financial Plan Critical Risks Competition Economic changes/trade cycles Interest rates Standards of living Summary . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Big 4 Snacks Business Plan" essay for you Create order Executive Summary The year 2014 marks the birth of a small, promising company which was founded by four members aiming to be the leader in providing biscuits to other retailers as well as final consumers. At present, the company buy its stock form One up Wholesaler which is located in the central suburbs of Cape Town. The company would like to register its business with the respective authorities and achieve a legal business status. The company aims to grow in the near future to the extent of becoming the manufacturer of its own products and supplying to retail shops as to the customers. This will be achieved by the company through taking a loan for the bank to purchase industrial biscuit making ovens hence the ability to produce the products in bulk. Having been started by four members, the members have equal shares in the business. Business Description The Big 4 Snacks is a small company that was started by four members namely Cumani Nako, Rhandzeka Mawuku, Rampai Mokomatsilili and Tinashe Munyuki. The companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s main core business entails selling Snack (biscuits and sweets) in the Western Cape Province. Mission We aim to provide the best Snacks to our valued customers at moderate prices. We view ourselves as partners with our customers, employees as well as the society at large. Values: We have our own unique values which defines our business. These include: Integrity- we believe that the value of being honest in business operations; be it with customers, suppliers, employees, among other business stakeholders, overrides the need for profit making as creating good reputation in the market can lead to endless sales volumes. Professionalism- we take all our transactions with our key stakeholders in a professional manner, creating a strong bond with them hence enhancing the growth of our business in the market. Goals- the Big 4 Snacks aims to achieve the following objectives: Short term goals (2014- mid 2015) To increase the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sales by 5%over a period of two months. Create a website for the company. Medium term (2015-mid 2016) Acquire two ovens for making biscuits. Purchase office furniture: desks, two computers as well as office stationery. Provide online shopping for our products Long term (2016- end of year) Purchase two delivery trucks (3-5 ton). Purchase of a factory outlet in a 20km radius. Purchase three industrial biscuits making ovens. Marketing Plan Target Market The market for Big 4 Snacks focuses on a segment with the following characteristics: All students who study at TSiBA Education. People who reside in the 5km radius of TSiBA Education. Market Size and Market Share The current size of the target market is approximately 500 individuals which is likely to be 37% of the target market Competition The Big 4 Snacks operates in a market environment where there is massive competition. Some of the competitors are listed below. TSiBA tuck shop. Spaza shops close to the TSiBA campus. Indirect competition from other stores- (competition according to product needs). Marketing Strategy Product Strategy The company provides the following products: Biscuits Sweets Promotion Strategy The most common strategy in place at present is the word of mouth. This has been effective as it allows us to engage with customers in terms of promoting our products and our brand. We also use social networks including facebook, twitter as well as sending emails to most of our customers. Pricing Strategy The following prices apply: Snacks Price in Rands Biscuits (3 packets) R5.00 Sweets (10 sweets) R3.00 Distribution Strategy The company obtains its products from a reliable supplier called One Up Wholesalers at a relatively low price. The supplier is close to the business premises hence less transport costs. Location The Big 4 Snacks is located in Cape Town at Tsiba Education, Pinelands. The pale is close to the Railway Station (Mutual Station) hence easy transport of employees to the workplace. It is close to our supplier, namely One Up Wholesalers. From the feasibility study conducted by the marketing team, we noted that the pale is accessible to customers, most importantly students as they for the biggest proportion of our market share. Management The management team consist of the founders of the business. However, each and every member among the members will be focusing on a certain component of the business. Organisational structure The following diagram shows the organisational structure of the Big 4 Snacks at present. Duties and Responsibilities of each member Tinashe Munyuki- Managing Director Responsible for the overall operation of the business, including facilitating day to day operations of the business Cumani Nako- Chief Finance Officer Responsible for monitoring the finances of the business, managing cash inflows and cash outflows. Rampai Mokomatsilili- Marketing Director Responsible for the marketing department of the business; together with the public relations of the business. Creating a good reputation for the company. Rhandzeka Mawuku- Chief Operating Officer Responsible for the day to day operations of the business, including purchase and stock management Financial Plan PROJECTED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION FOR BIG 4 SNACKS 2014 2015 2016 Assets Non current assets Motor vehicle 40000 100000 Office equipment 1000 8000 10000 Current Assets Inventory 400 9000 20000 Accounts receivable 250 4000 17000 Bank 700 3000 21000 Stationery 2000 2350 64000 160000 Equity and Liabilities Equity Capital 200 200 200 Retained income 800 16000 20000 Non Current Liabilities Long term loan 750 29800 130800 Current liabilities Accounts payable 600 8000 9000 Total Equity and Liabilities 2350 64000 160000 Projected Statement of Financial Position of Big 4 Snacks 2014 2015 2016 Sales 9000 23000 279000 Cost of Sales 1100 9000 34000 Gross Profit 7900 24000 245000 Operating expenses Rent 4000 9000 10000 Salaries 2000 7000 20000 Water and Electricity 1000 1000 2300 Depreciarion 50 500 1200 Net Profit Before Interest and Tax 850 6500 211500 Tax Paid 90 1000 2100 Interest paid 400 2000 2000 Net Profit After Interest and Tax 360 3500 207400 Critical Risks As it is the best thing to find the likely causes of the business failure, the Big 4 Snacks identified the following challenges/risks which might hinder success of the business. Competition This entails the contraction of the market size due to availability of other businesses offering the same products as ours. Fighting for the same market share, competition will lead to reduced sales of our business thereby lowering the profit margins. Despite the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s efforts to support small businesses, massive competition from big companies such as Shoprite and Pick n Pay remains a difficulty in the growth of small businesses. This factor might affect the performance of our business even though some measures have been put in place to ensure building a good brand image as well as creating a positive goodwill. Economic changes/trade cycles The performance of the South African economy has been fluctuating, being characterised by continuous trade cycles. Taking this into consideration, our business might be affected negatively by the high rates of inflation, leading to costly supplies from our suppliers. This will in turn affect the returns to the company. Interest rates As a business which might need to borrow money in order to boost the operation of the business in the near future, the cost of borrowing remains a challenge Depending on how our cash flows will be in the near future, the need to borrow some funds might lead to an increase in the expenses of the business, thereby reducing profits. Standards of living In regard to the standards of living of an average South African, especially considering our target market, poor standards of living will lead to a decrease in our sales volumes. Summary Combining all the information compiled in this business plan, the Big 4 Snacks is a vibrant, promising business which sells snacks (biscuits and sweets) currently at TSiBA education. The company aims to expand in the whole Western Cape Province, becoming the leading provider of snacks to retailers as well as to the final consumers. Despite the challenges that might be encountered in the business operations, the company aims to increase its market share, creating a positive goodwill in the market. 1

Persuasive Speech On Organ Donation - 1150 Words

â€Å"Everyday, 79 people receive a transplant, but at least 20 people die waiting, because of the shortage of donated organs.† (Brazier) Due to the shortage of organs, this causes many people to go to extreme measures to save a loved one. Maybe even to the point of doing something illegal. The more we help promote and contribute to organ donation, the more lives we can save. There is a new name added to the list every 10 minutes while around 20 people die a day waiting for an organ. Organ donation is the process of surgically removing an organ or tissue from one person (the organ donor) and placing it into another person (the recipient). Transplantation is necessary because the recipient’s organ has failed or has been damaged by disease†¦show more content†¦In some cases, people are murdered for their organs. When their body is found, there are organs removed. Even though the community is willing to donate their organ, there are too few donors in the position to give. There are many factors to consider when matching people for organ transplants. Blood type, tissue type, urgency, time spent on the waiting list, and distance between the donor and recipient are some factors to whom the organ goes to. A majority of donors have died from an automobile accident, stroke, gunshot wound, or suicide. All of these result in the donor being brain dead. Being brain dead is when the patient’s brain has no signs of life while a machine keeps the body alive for organ donation. On the other hand, one does not have to be dead to be a donor, of course. There is living donating, where one can donate an organ or tissue while they’re still alive. â€Å"People of all ages should consider themselves potential donors.† (Organ Donation and Transplantation). About four out of every ten donations each year are from living donations. â€Å"The strongest supporters of organ donation tend to be women, under 65 years old and people with higher levels of education† (Brazier). 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According to Medline Plus, organ donation takes healthy organs and tissues from one person for transplantation into another. a. All kinds of organs can be donated to save a life: the kidneys, the heart, the liver, the pancreasRead MorePersuasive Speech On Organ Donation1048 Words   |  5 Pageshigh enough. These people need organs, and it is on us to help. It takes just one of us to save as many as eight people on the list. People need to be educated on organ donation and the opportunities it creates rather than a hasty decision that is made when you apply for your driver’s license. Organ donation is an amazingly powerful and underestimated practice. I believe everyone should become more open to the idea of helping others through the donation of their organs, which would otherwise be entirelyRead MoreOrgan Donation Persuasive Speech Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagescouldn’t live without? 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Although it is a great way to give someone a new life many people are uninformed about donation and how valuable organs areRead MorePersuasive Outline-Organ Donation886 Words   |  4 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE – ORGAN DONATION Topic:  Organ donation Thesis Statement:  Becoming an organ donor after death is not only an important decision for yourself, but it is also an important decision for the life that you may have the power to save. Purpose:  To persuade my audience to consider becoming organ donors after death    Introduction: 1. Organ donation is a selfless way to give back to others, and to be able to make a huge difference by giving another person a second chanceRead MorePersuasive Speech Outline Essay examples942 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline Topic: Organ Donation General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: After listening to my speech my audience will consider donating their organs and tissues after death and to act upon their decision to donate. Central Idea: The need is constantly growing for organ donors and it is very simple to be an organ donor when you no longer need your organs. Introduction: How do you feel when you’re waiting for something you really really want? Or what if it’s not even

Response to Peter Singer’s Speech Free Essays

Peter Singer’s speech on a solution to world poverty made a lot of good points concerning how to help those in need. He states that most people can afford to help starving children and that people are turning their backs on the needy. Where he fails though, is in actually providing a solution that will hold up over time. We will write a custom essay sample on Response to Peter Singer’s Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now His focus on guilting those more fortunate into action and then guiding them to give $200 is no solution, but a call to give to those less fortunate instead of fixing the problem for good. In his speech he gives examples to try to guilt those listening into giving charitably. He sites a book by NYU philosopher Peter Unger, titled, â€Å"Living High and Letting Die†. He goes on to paraphrase an example from the book that he thinks gives a great example towards American’s lack of charitable giving. His example is about a man named Bob who is nearly retired and has invested most of his savings into a rare and valuable old car. He has a lot of pride in the car and he enjoys taking care of it. He also enjoys that its rising value means he will always be able to sell it and live comfortably. He is out one day for a drive one day and park the car along some railroad tracks and goes for a walk along the tracks. As he is walking he sees that a runaway train with no one aboard is headed for a small child farther down the track. The child is too far to warn of the danger and will be killed unless Bob throws a switch to put the train on the siding where his beloved car is parked. Throwing the switch will destroy his car and therefore his long time investment. Thinking of his joy in owning the car and the financial security it represents, Bob decides not to throw the switch and the child is killed. He uses this example comparatively to how the average American reacts to charitable giving. He labels them as cruel people who choose their own livelihood over the lives of dying children, which is unfair. Commonly, those not giving are not looking into the eyes of a dying child but rather into a scary world where finances are always unsettling. In my personal experience guilting someone into doing something is the worst way to evoke passion for action. Forcing someone to do something is not nearly as effective as creating a want to do something. Over time guilt tripping makes the action lose steam while making someone want to do something can create a passion that lasts for a long time. Let me follow Singers lead here and provide an example. Suppose that you would like to have your friend go to a new sushi restaurant with you. Would it be smarter to guilt him into going by using something against him to make him go, or would it be smarter to talk about how good the atmosphere and food is? Obviously it is much smarter to talk up the restaurant instead of sending your friend on a guilt trip. The guilt trip may only make your friend go once but making the friend want to go will result in many visits to the restaurant. Creating a passion is the best way to call people to action and singer failed to do this. Instead, he should have used a more indirect method like talking about the benefits and contentedness that one can receive from charitable donation and selling them on the concept Another spot where his speech falls short is in providing a plausible solution to world poverty. Having everyone with disposable income give $200 to help feed hungry children solves none of the problems having to do with poor villages not being able to support their people. In the article, â€Å"We can end global poverty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the author describes a plan laid out by David Cameron that includes over 10 steps to end global poverty by 2030. Including such ideas as going green, going for growth, good government, and global partnership. The final report comes after 8 months of consultation with more than 5,000 public groups across 120 different countries. Citizens, governments, businesses, local charities, community groups and development experts all had a chance to contribute their ideas. This type of initiative is what it takes to create a true end to world poverty, not just simply pleading that people give $200 to charity. I feel as if Singer never really thought to develop his idea thoroughly and just wanted something quick that he could easily get people to support. This is where his ethos breaks down. He no longer seems to be a person worth speaking to about the subject, but rather someone who wants a problem solved but doesn’t want to put in effort to come up with a real solution. After analyzing his speech thoroughly I feel that Singer has a lot of passion for what he speaks about but fails to come up with real plausible solutions to the problems he is addressing. Singer may believe he has World Poverty all figured out but there are a few points he’s not thinking about. He used emotional stories about dying children to guilt his listeners into giving money. Though, Peter Singer makes a valid point that we should be helping children in need, what happens when everyone stops blowing their money on luxury items? In his speech he says, â€Å"The formula is simple: whatever money you’re spending on luxuries, not necessities, should be given away. † If we were to spend only money on necessities and donate the rest it would, in turn, cause economic distress. Jobs will begin to slowly deplete from our own economy here in America. Manufacturing jobs such as, furniture, computers, televisions, housing, retail, and many more would disappear. The sad fact of the matter is that poverty is a necessity and just like with all things you have to take the good with the bad. How to cite Response to Peter Singer’s Speech, Papers

Learning Essay Example For Students

Learning Essay Running head: Homework AssignmentChapter 5 LearningJohn F. BarrowCopper Mountain CollegeHomework AssignmentChapter 5 Learning1. Describe the history and nature of classical conditioning. One of the major contributors to the study of learning was not a psychologist but a Russian physiologist who was, awarded, a Nobel Prize for his work on digestion. Ivan Pavlov was a brilliant scientist who directed several research laboratories in St. Petersburg, Russia, at the turn of the twentieth century. Pavlovs involvement with psychology began, as a result, of an observation he made while investigating the role of saliva in digestion, using dogs as his experimental subjects (Hockenbury ; Hockenbury, 2011, pg 185). Furthermore, in (1904) Pavlovs studies of digestion, the dogs salivated reflexively when food was, placed on their tongues. However, when the dogs began salivating in response to the sight of Pavlov or to the sound of his footsteps, a new, learned stimulus elicited the salivary respon se. The process of conditioning that Pavlov discovered was the first to be extensively, studied in psychology (Hockenbury Hockenbury, 2011, pg 186). Essentially, classical conditioning is a process of learning an association between two stimuli. Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus that automatically elicits a reflexive response. If the two stimuli (Pavlov + food) are repeatedly, paired, eventually the neutral stimulus (Pavlov) elicits the same basic reflexive response as the natural stimulus (food) even in the absence of the natural stimulus (Hockenbury Hockenbury, 2011, pg 186). How does it demonstrate associative learning? According to Pavlov, classical conditioning occurs simply because two stimuli are associated closely in time. Whereas, Psychologist Robert A. Rescorla, classical conditioning depends on the information the conditioned stimulus provides about the unconditioned stimulus. Rather than merely associating two closely paired stimuli, as Pavlov suggested, the animals assess the predictive value of stimuli. Applying this interpretation to classical conditioning, we can conclude that Pavlovs dogs learned that the bell was a signal that reliably predicted that food would follow (Hockenbury ; Hockenbury, 2011, pg 195-196). 2. Describe the history and nature of operant conditioning including the concept of shaping. The investigation of how voluntary behaviors are, acquired began with a young American psychology student named Edward L. Thorndike. A few years before Pavlov began his extensive studies of classical conditioning, Thorndike was using cats, chicks, and dogs to investigate how voluntary behaviors are, acquired. Thorndikes pioneering studies helped set the stage for the later work of another American psychologist named B. F. Skinner. It was Skinner who developed operant conditioning, another form of conditioning that explains how we acquire and maintain voluntary behaviors (Hockenbury Hockenbury, 2011, pg 200). Skinners operant conditioning explains learning as a process in where behavior is shaped and maintained by, its, consequences. One possible consequence of a behavior is reinforcement. Reinforcement is, said to occur when a stimulus or an event follows an operant and increases the likelih ood of the operant being repeated (Hockenbury ; Hockenbury, 2011, pg 201). Shaping, involves reinforcing successively closer approximations of a behavior until the correct behavior is, displayed. For example, the researcher might first reinforce the rat with a food pellet whenever it moves to the half of the Skinner box in which the bar is located. Other responses would be, ignored once that response has, been learned reinforcement is withheld until the rat moves even closer to the bar. Then the rat might be, reinforced only when it touches the bar. Systematically, the rat is, reinforced for behaviors that correspond ever more closely to the final goal behavior pressing the bar (Hockenbury ; Hockenbury, 2011, pg 209). 3. Explain the processes of acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination, and give an example of each. Stimulus Generalization and Discrimination, Pavlov (1927) noticed that once a dog was, conditioned to salivate to a particular stimulus, new stimuli that were similar to the original conditioned stimulus could also elicit the conditioned salivary response. For example, Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate to a low-pitched tone. When he sounded a slightly higher-pitched tone, the conditioned salivary response would, also be elicited. Pavlov called this phenomenon stimulus generalization. Just as a dog can learn to respond to similar stimuli, so it can learn the opposite to distinguish between similar stimuli. For example, Pavlov repeatedly gave a dog some food following a high-pitched tone but did not give the dog any food following a low-pitched tone. The dog learned to distinguish between the two tones, salivating to the high-pitched tone but no t to the low-pitched tone. This phenomenon, stimulus discrimination, occurs when a particular conditioned response is, made to one stimulus but not to other, similar stimuli (Hockenbury ; Hockenbury, 2011, pg 188). Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery, Pavlov (1927) found that conditioned responses could be, gradually weakened. If the conditioned stimulus (the ringing bell) was repeatedly presented without being paired with the unconditioned stimulus (the food), the conditioned response seemed to gradually disappear. Pavlov called this process of decline and eventual disappearance of the conditioned response extinction. Pavlov also found that the dog did not simply return to its unconditioned state following extinction. If the animal were allowed, a period of rest after the response was, extinguished the conditioned response would reappear when the conditioned stimulus was again presented. This reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period, of time wit hout exposure to the conditioned stimulus is, called spontaneous recovery. That is, the learned response may seem to disappear, but not eliminated or erased (Hockenbury ; Hockenbury, 2011, pg 189). .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197 , .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197 .postImageUrl , .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197 , .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197:hover , .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197:visited , .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197:active { border:0!important; } .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197:active , .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197 .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u582d0982c1ec2d48a22a94b0e078c197:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Multiculturalism EssayClassical conditioning can help explain the acquisition of many learned behaviors, including emotional and physiological responses. Most everyday behaviors do not fall into this category. Instead, they involve non-reflexive, or voluntary, actions that cannot be, explained with classical conditioning (Hockenbury ; Hockenbury, 2011, pg 199). In Skinners view, operant conditioning did not need to invoke cognitive factors to explain the acquisition of operant behaviors. Edward C. Tolman firmly believed that cognitive processes played an important role in the learning of complex behaviors even in the lowly laboratory rat. Tolman concluded that learning inv olves the acquisition of knowledge rather than simply changes in outward behavior. According to Tolman (1932), an organism essentially learns what leads to what. It learns to expect that a certain behavior will lead to a particular outcome in a specific situation (Hockenbury Hockenbury, 2011, pg 213-215). ReferencesHockenbury, D. H., Hockenbury, S. E. (2011). Discovering psychology (5th Ed), New York: Worth Publishers

Computer Production Essays - American Brands, Compaq, Computer

Computer Production The market for computer products is a multi-billion dollar business where one can find a perfect balance of technology and efficiency. The huge industrial market is lead by such names as IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq. In the world today, computers are used for a variety of tasks and play a crucial role in the areas of academics and business. The steps that are taken to bring the computer from several small components to a desktop product are organization of the manufacturing facility, assembly of hardware, installation of software, and a test process. The production of a high quality product is important to computer buyers. The following discussion demonstrates steps large corporations take to make an efficient computer. Companies such as IBM and Apple computers are well known in the computer industry. These companies have several manufacturing facilities around the world where thousands of computers are built. Manufacturing factories, which typically range between "75,000 to 200,000 square feet"() in size, produce approximately 14,000 systems weekly. Companies generally use 2 methods of computer assembly. One method involves complete unit assembly by one person, the other being group assembly where several people construct a single computer (the latter method is known as assembly line production). A factory employing the single unit assembly method produces about 40 to 60 computers a day (this number varies base on the complexity of the system being assembled). The assembly line method yields approximately 70 computers a day in the average factory. The assembly line method is the most efficient way to produce computes as individual workers become highly specialized in a specific task. In addition, the next person down the ?line' can check the pervious person's work to check for errors. "Additional inspection [, as used on assembly lines] tends to increase the computer's quality"(). The first step in manufacturing a computer is for the designer to consider a balance between economic need (customers price level) with computer power and practicality. Manufacturers try to make the best computer (in a given price range) for the lowest cost. Once a specific model is designed the company orders the high quality parts from their own component manufacturing divisions or outside suppliers. Inventory control is an important part of acquiring components as, to remain efficient, the company tries to avoid overstocking. Manufacturers take note of the consumer demand, on a daily basis to efficiently establish quantities for the production line. Top manufactures such as IBM and Apple buy computer components for their products based on "availability, quality and priority of the configuration" (). When assembling a computer, there are 8 to 10 major components installed including the processor speed chip, the motherboard, RAM (Random Access Memory), diskette drive, modem or network card, video card, hard drive, sound card, and CD-ROM. Before the components are placed into the computer, each part undergoes an extensive testing process called "quality control" (). Quality control ensures that faulty systems are not shipped. As an initial step, prior to the assembly process, an inspection of the outer case to ensure that there are no scratches or defects. The brand name and indicator labels are put onto the computer case at this time. Next the motherboard is installed and prepared for the processor chip. The chip (which is often a Pentium chip) is attached to the motherboard along with the RAM component. Once the chip and RAM are installed, the internal speakers and sound card are placed into the case. The hard drive, disk drive and CD-ROM drive are in snuggly attached to the computer chassis. All these components are then attached to the motherboard with cables so that they may communicate with each other. Power supply is then applied to the computer and other additional components such as the video card, and modem are added near a final stage of assembly. After all these components are installed to create the finished ?PC', the unit is thoroughly inspected to ensures that all the cables connections are in place and all other defects are fixed. Inspectors also ensure that cables are in appropriate places so that they do not touch components. This is important as heat given off components, while operating can cause minor explosions. The CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor- circuitry for the memory and processor) is set up at this time. The top cover is placed onto the computer and it is shipped off for further testing. All companies differ in their testing of finished products. A common in most companies includes the 48-hour burn in period. This period is very similar to the burn in

Free Essays on Animism

The term animism is derived from the Latin word anima meaning breath or soul. The belief of animism is probably one of man's oldest beliefs, with its origin most likely dating to the Paleolithic age. From its earliest beginnings it was a belief that a soul or spirit existed in every object, even if it was inanimate. In a future state this soul or spirit would exist as part of an immaterial soul. The spirit, therefore, was thought to be universal. There have been sharp divisions of thought as to the original concept of animism held by primitive peoples. A British anthropologist Sir Edward Burnett Tylor in his "Primitive Culture" defined animism as a general belief in spiritual beings and considered it a minimum definition of religion. He stated all religions from the simplest to the most complex shared some sort of animistic belief. According to him primitive peoples, defined as those without a written tradition, believed the spirits or souls caused life in human beings. They pictur ed these souls as vapors or shadows going from one body to another. The souls not only passed between human beings but into, plants, animals and inanimate objects as well. Tylor reasoned primitive man arrived at his animistic belief to help him explain the causes of sleep, dreams, and death. There naturally aroused a need to distinguish between an individual who was awake and one, who was asleep, or an individual who lived and one who did not. Also there was a need to give a reason for the pictures some saw when they slept. The spirits were the early man's explanations. Tylor was criticized by another British anthropologist Robert Ranulph Marett who was convinced that primitive man had not developed the intellectual to form even such simplistic explanations as Tylor proposed. Marett suggested early religion was more emotional and intuitional in origin. He theorized that early man recognized some inanimate objects because they had some particular characte... Free Essays on Animism Free Essays on Animism The term animism is derived from the Latin word anima meaning breath or soul. The belief of animism is probably one of man's oldest beliefs, with its origin most likely dating to the Paleolithic age. From its earliest beginnings it was a belief that a soul or spirit existed in every object, even if it was inanimate. In a future state this soul or spirit would exist as part of an immaterial soul. The spirit, therefore, was thought to be universal. There have been sharp divisions of thought as to the original concept of animism held by primitive peoples. A British anthropologist Sir Edward Burnett Tylor in his "Primitive Culture" defined animism as a general belief in spiritual beings and considered it a minimum definition of religion. He stated all religions from the simplest to the most complex shared some sort of animistic belief. According to him primitive peoples, defined as those without a written tradition, believed the spirits or souls caused life in human beings. They pictur ed these souls as vapors or shadows going from one body to another. The souls not only passed between human beings but into, plants, animals and inanimate objects as well. Tylor reasoned primitive man arrived at his animistic belief to help him explain the causes of sleep, dreams, and death. There naturally aroused a need to distinguish between an individual who was awake and one, who was asleep, or an individual who lived and one who did not. Also there was a need to give a reason for the pictures some saw when they slept. The spirits were the early man's explanations. Tylor was criticized by another British anthropologist Robert Ranulph Marett who was convinced that primitive man had not developed the intellectual to form even such simplistic explanations as Tylor proposed. Marett suggested early religion was more emotional and intuitional in origin. He theorized that early man recognized some inanimate objects because they had some particular characte...

Macro economics short answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Macro economics short answers - Essay Example (15 points) Some institutions and institutional arrangements boost economic growth. Institutional arrangements outline the formal and informal rules of the game that direct how people interact. These arrangements form incentives and outline expected and tolerable forms of behavior in social interaction. The institutions that boost economic growth include: Productivity is referred to as the ratio between the output quantity and the quantity of inputs. It determines how well production inputs, like labor and capital, are being employed in an economy to create a specified level of output. Factors that lead to increases in productivity include capital accumulation, more access to natural resources, technological innovation, transformation in labor processes like division and specialization, improvements in business practices and transformation in patterns of trade. Great depression was as result of crash of the stock market. Once the stock market plunged, fearful that banks would fail, people started to withdraw their money. Almost overnight, they put thousands of banks under threat. The more money people withdrew, the more banks failed, and the more banks failed, the more money people withdrew. By 1933, nearly 11,000 of the nation’s 25,000 banks had fallen. In order to boost economic activities the Fed was to put in place policy measures geared toward increasing money supply in the economy but it did not do that in time leading to economic

Strategy Implementation and Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategy Implementation and Control - Essay Example Companies when they become bigger they achieve economies of scale and so they can have competitive advantages. In addition, a merger/acquisition may help the company to reduce its foreign exchange exposure by having local manufacture rather than importing. Finally, other advantage may be that the company may alleviate its debts because the merging firm may take over the depts.. Some of the disadvantages have to do, especially when there are cross-border differences, with conflict among employees due to cultural differences. Sometimes, there may be the case of having negative reaction from the host country. The pros of the above strategy is that the two companies will be under the same roof and so it will be easier for a manager to manage them both. The cons may be the possibly different employee cultures. In order that a merger/acquisition becomes successful the company has to follow these steps: have good pre - and post- acquisition/merger planning, have effective leadership and adequate due diligence. Very important is also if the employee cultures are effectively merged, perhaps this is the most crucial factor. Another key factor of a successful acquisition is co-location i.e. the two companies should be brought under the same roof. The strategy is working when the two companies operate well together and they have market synergy. They have mutual understanding and they share each others funds, technology and markets. Very important is also if there are no cultural differences since this factor has led many mergers/acquisitions to failure. Operate the acquired company as a separate business entity. The result of this strategy will be two separate companies under one senior management "umbrella" (the senior management team that is responsible for running both companies). 1. What are the pros and cons of this implementation strategy The pros are that each company can operate independently but both companies can be evaluated in a strategic way. Independent operation is particularly good in case the companies have highly

Advertisments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Advertisments - Essay Example Advertising often requires the employment of wit and creativity in the part of the marketer. In order to do these, advertisements are embedded with a subtext, a n underlying which is not stated directly. Looking at the current style of marketers, the subtext is often implied or suggested through the use of symbols, characters, words, images, music, and special effects to complement or even contrast the underlying message. In order to understand how business organizations do this, I will examine the ad for Chanel eyeglasses which featured Eugenia Volodina. The rationale for the choice of the advertisement is fairly simple— my passion for sunglasses and my strong preference for Chanel products. The simple ad which features a blown up image of the beautiful and captivating Eugenia Volodina wearing the new sparkling glasses of Chanel exudes sophistication and elegance. Simple as it is, I find the ad very striking. From its establishment in the early 1910s, Chanel has become an icon of elegance with the brand being synonymous to elegance, wealth, and elitism. Chanel became the ultimate sign of high French class, catering to the needs of elite women. The global popularity of the brand has now made it a top choice for elegant women with very high purchasing power. Thus, the appearance of the ad in Vogue which is recognized as one of the most influential force in shaping fashion and culture is warranted by Chanel’s quest of capturing the elite niche. It should be noted that Vogue caters to the same intellectually sophisticated and fashionable females that Chanel are also targeting. In order to persuade its customers in buying the sunglasses, Chanel employed persuasive methods which can be classified into three modes—pathos, ethos, and logos. Ethos tries to convince buyers by appealing to their character or personality while pathos is geared in engaging their emotions. On the other hand, logos appeals to the reason or

Three Information Systems Development Methods Information Technology Essay

Three Information Systems Development Methods Information Technology Essay Information system in this present period is been used by organisations, institutions, businesses and many industries. Information system development method is a general technique and procedures that is been followed in stages by system developers in the process of building a system. However, there are different types of information system development method which will be stated later in the report. The main aim of this report is to briefly compare three types of information systems development methods (ISDM) out of the several types of ISDM that exist which will be stated later in the report. Although, this report is more interested in the common methods that are mostly used such as waterfall method, spiral method and systems development life cycle method. In addition to the compared method this report has also adopted six related topics that are connected and interrelated to the information system development method. These six topics include information systems development method, types of information system development methodologies, difference between software development methodology (SDM) and SDLC, difference between system analysis and system design and introduction to project management. The Waterfall Method The waterfall information system development method is one of the easiest and straight forward information systems development method that talks about series of activities in the others of requirement, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance which are done in stages were each stage of the activity stated have to be hundred percent accomplished before the following section can be done (Davidson, 2002). In addition, Cadle Yeates (2004, pp. 77-78) also explained that the end product of each section of the waterfall method is used as an inputs to the product of the following stage as a result it does not permit you to review the previous stage once it is crossed just like the way water flows sequentially. Consequently, Hurst (2007) also analyzed that the waterfall information systems development method has been argued by many to be a bad method because it is not possible for a project to get one stage fully completed and corrected before making ahead to the following stage . However, Hughes et al (2004) one of the biggest advantages the waterfall method has over spiral and system development life cycle is that its make good use of time in terms of management, very easy to manage and it is mostly used for smaller project were all requirements are known. Though, it also has some drawbacks which include high level of risk, been disciplined in completing each stage of the activities in the model. The series of activities in the waterfall method is shown in the diagram below. Fig 1: Waterfall model The Spiral Method This is another type of information systems development method just like the waterfall and the system development life cycle method that also has series of activities that have to be done one after the other but in a different approach. The spiral method combines the important features of both the waterfall method and the prototyping method and most concerned about risk analysis (Dawson, 2005). Although, the spiral method has four stages compared to the waterfall and system development life cycle method which is in the stated order, determine objective, identify and resolve risk, development and testing then finally plan the next execution. All these levels that are mentioned are constantly repeated over and over again section by section until all the difficulties of the waterfall method are rectify. However, some of it advantages is that it is not use for minor project, it takes a very long time to be completed and also it is very expensive to manage. Similarly, it also has some limitations which include, controlling high level of risk analysis in a system development and also used for project were all requirement are complex. Thus it could be concluded that the spiral information system development method is mostly used for larger and complicated system development where the entire requirements are very difficult to understand compared to the waterfall and system development life cycle method. A diagram showing how the spiral method works is shown below: Fig 2: Spiral model. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Method This is also another type of information system development method similar to the waterfall and the spiral method with series of activities followed in a circular other in stages through which every developer, database designer and project manager pass through as to develop an information system (Radack, 2009). The system development life cycle method is the overall cognitive process that takes place in the development of information systems in a gradual manner until there is an achievement of the best quality in the development of a system. In addition, (Dawson, 2005) also stated that the system development life cycle is the general process of developing, implementing, and constructing information systems through a multistep process from Requirement, Design, Build, Test and maintenance. However, some its features includes dividing stages into sub stages for easy management and also gives a room for going back to stage when there is a problem unlike the waterfall information system development method. It also has some limitations which includes not meeting the users requirements, not been stable, having lack of control and also having problems with documenting. On this basis, it can be inferred that the SDLC is a procedure that every information system development must pass through even if each of them emphasizes on different part of the five stages of the SDLC method. Below is a diagram that shows how the stages in the SDLC take place in a circular form moving from one stage to the other. Fig 3: System development life cycle model Information systems development method. A brief introduction of information system development method has been given at the beginning of this report but it will be better to look as the definition its self. Information systems development method (ISDM) is defined as: A collection of procedures, techniques, tools and documentation aids which help the system developers in their efforts to implement a new information system. A methodology will consist of phases, themselves consisting of sub phases, which will guide the systems developers in their choice of the techniques that might be appropriate at each stage of project and also help them plan, manage, control and evaluate information systems project (Avison Fitzgerald, 2006, p. 24). It is clear therefore that the information systems development methods concentrate on the general process of development. Categories of Information System Development Methods. Different categories of information systems development methods are considered in the outgrowth of developing an application. Although, every information systems development method has its own special way of approaching each stage of the ISDM process. Thus, the information system development method that exist include: Agile, SSM, SSADM, RAD, PRINCE, Spiral, SDLC, Waterfall, Object oriented, XP etc (Banks Wood-Harper, 2005). However, this information systems development method follows the same procedure known as life cycle. Difference between Software development methodology SDM and SDLC. Britton Doake (2006) differentiated the different between a software development methodology and system development life cycle as, a software development life cycle is mainly concerned about the overall development model of a system with different level of constructing procedures in addition to the sections and protocols that has to be used in completing each sections whereas a system development life cycle is strictly a sequence of activities that are carried out by designers and analyst to produced and implement an information system. Difference between System Analysis and System Design. Shelly (2008, p. 22) explain that System Analysis is the process of collecting or gathering all useful and possible requirement regarding the information system to be developed from the users and also determining how it will be put into the development of the system whereas System design is the process whereby all the requirement that was collected and analyzed during the system analysis stage is put together in the design of the system. Introduction to Project Management According to Kerzner (2006, pp.55-58), Project management can be defined as every unit of activity put to consideration or executed in achieving a common goal or task and the measurement of project success based on time, cost, and quality performance or scope critical success factors. However, information system development or project must be well managed in other to be successful. This is where project management is involved. In addition, project management deals more with the management of a project emphasizing more on time, cost and scope which are the most important issues in a project. Therefore, the main reason for managing a project is to present a well documented work or system development within a specific time in a full flesh package and of the best quality. Conclusion In conclusion, this report has been able to make a good comparison of three types of information system development methods which were waterfall, spiral and system development life cycle methods. In addition, it has also been able to include and discussed six topics that were related to information system development method.

Nature Imagery and Themes in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚   Charlotte Bronte makes use of nature imagery throughout Jane Eyre, and comments on both the human relationship with the outdoors and human nature.   The Oxford Reference Dictionary defines "nature" as "1. the phenomena of the physical world as a whole . . . 2. a thing's essential qualities; a person's or animal's innate character . . . 4. vital force, functions, or needs."   We will see how "Jane Eyre" comments on all of these.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Several natural themes run through the novel, one of which is the image of a stormy sea.   After Jane saves Rochester's life, she gives us the following metaphor of their relationship: "Till morning dawned I was tossed on a buoyant but unquiet sea . . . I thought sometimes I saw beyond its wild waters a shore . . . now and then a freshening gale, wakened by hope, bore my spirit triumphantly towards the bourne: but . . . a counteracting breeze blew off land, and continually drove me back."   The gale is all the forces that prevent Jane's union with Rochester.   Later, Brontà «, whether it be intentional or not, conjures up the image of a buoyant sea when Rochester says of Jane: "Your habitual expression in those days, Jane, was . . .   not buoyant."   In fact, it is this buoyancy of Jane's relationship with Rochester that keeps Jane afloat at her time of crisis in the heath: "Why do I struggle to retain a valueless life? Because I know, or belie ve, Mr. Rochester is living."      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another recurrent image is Brontà «'s treatment of Birds.   We first witness Jane's fascination when she reads Bewick's History of British Birds as a child.   She reads of "death-white realms" and "'the solitary rocks and promontories'" of sea-fowl.   We quickly see how Jane identifies with the bird.   For her it is a form of escape, the idea of flying above the toils of every day life.   Several times the narrator talks of feeding birds crumbs.   Perhaps Brontà « is telling us that this idea of escape is no more than a fantasy -- one cannot escape when one must return for basic sustenance.   The link between Jane and birds is strengthened by the way Brontà « adumbrates poor nutrition at Lowood through a bird who is described as "a little hungry robin."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brontà « brings the buoyant sea theme and the bird theme together in the passage describing the first painting of Jane's that Rochester examines.

Education For Life Essay

Education For LifeThe basic purpose of a liberal arts education is to liberate the human being to exercise his or her potential to the fullest. Liberal arts plays an important role in developing individuals and the world. When students attend liberal art colleges, they will understand the essence of humanity and will learn to shape and develop personal values. For a person to develop, he needs to understand the essence of humanity. When you attend college, your view on the meaning of life changes. You live for your minds and spirits and not just for the security of material wealth (Urbanek). You start to do things related to your work as this is your interest. This will make you care less about material wealth and you will focus more on the benefit of the world than the benefit of yourself. Liberal arts means arts of freedom. People learn about things that interest them. This makes the experience of learning better. Students will recognize the value of material things for what they are (Urbanek). They will start challenging tasks of design where they would learn how to translate ideas into actions. They will get to know the depth, flexibility and openness of their thinking and will also be able to recognize the importance of their thinking. Taking these ideas into consideration, I can say that liberal arts teaches people global responsibility, social awareness and self development, which is the essence of humanity. Thus, when the essence of humanity is known, then only a person will be able to acquire personal values. The value of liberal arts was appreciated by the students in older times but contemporary students do not share the same sentiment. In 1900, 70 percent of college students in US attended liberal arts colleges but today fewer that 5 percent do. The idea has taken hold by educators that todays youth are more materialistic, less idealistic and more self interested than their predecessors (Richard). In 1997, Yankelovitch survey focused on high school students and their parents, found that 85 percent of the high school students and 74 percent of their parents stated that the goal of college is to get a practical education and to secure a job. Furthermore, only 14 percent of the students and 27percent of their parents were even familiar with what a liberal art education is. Todays students tend to be career oriented, impatient and focused in material rewards (Kahn). People do not know that liberal arts can offer a clearer understanding that work embodies the values of courage, honour and responsibility. Liberal art colleges expose you to a variety of academic disciplines and an excellent background for future work. The education gives you the ability to adapt to a changing environment, communicate effectively, think critically and solve complex problems, which can prove very useful in everyday lives. As you acquire personal values throughout your college years, it is important to learn how to shape these values. I believe that the central purpose of liberal arts education is to shape the values of people. The impact of liberal arts education on student value change is conclusive in determining whether higher education is effective in achieving this central purpose. According to a survey conducted at the University of California at Los Angeles, 8 out of 10 academics said they were spiritual, and 64 percent called themselves religious. More than half of the faculty members said that it was important to enhance undergraduates’ self-understanding and to develop their moral character and values. I think liberal arts is a great way to teach people their spiritual and moral responsibilities towards the community and world itself. Humanitarian values are defined by acceptance of value equivalency between ones own loyalties and those of all other individuals and groups, as well as respecting the rights of others to freely express similar claims and loyalties without infringement (Hollway). Values serve as guiding principles in the life of a person or other social entity and thus, it is important for people to learn how to shape these values. Values are described as serving the interests of some social entity, motivating action, giving direction, and having emotional intensity (Hollway). Therefore, these values are needed for the development of individuals. When individuals possess these values, they will be able to use them in their society. Employers around the world are looking for people who possess these values and have the ability to use them. Hence, liberal arts students will satisfy these employers. These students will also find opportunities to learn more as their primary goal is not material wealth. This will help countries to better their economy. These values will benefit the students themselves as well as the world. Once a person understands the essence of humanity and learns to shape and develop values, he will be able to make changes to the world. Liberal arts students have the skills to become valuable community members. They make decisions, solve problems and communicate the solutions to others. Liberal arts prepares these students to be successful throughout their life. WORKS CITEDUrbanek, Jennifer. The EBSCOhost. 28 Oct. 2007 Kahn, Beverly. Co-opting The Market Place. Journal of Higher Education: p. 19. EBSCOhost. 28 Oct. 2007 Richard, M. The Practical Path, Too, Can Be High-Minded. Chronicle of Higher Education: p. 11. EBSCOhost. 28 Oct. 2007 Hollway, Michael. A Comparison of the Impact of 2 Liberal Arts. Journal of General Education: p. 237. EBSCOhost. 28 Oct. 2007.

Diet Pills and Women

How would you like to lose 10 pounds in one week? These words ring out through the media, newspapers, magazines, commercials, and many other advertisements that we are inundated in our society today. A model walks down the runway with her collar bones protruding, flat stomach, and protruding pelvic bones. When she weighs in, and is one pound over the expected weight, starves herself, or takes diet pills to shed the excess weight. The same pertains to young females. The desire to be thin at any cost causes physical, mental, and emotional problems. This is a lack of self-worth. It is easier to swallow a diet pill which involves no will power. Finding a diet that is right for them is not an option. They want a quick fix. Nutritionists and scientists have debated over these issues for years. Scientists have the belief that diet pills will take the weight off not acknowledging where the dangers lye. Whereas nutritionists believe that cutting out the â€Å"bad† carbohydrates and eating from the five food groups will help with healthy weight loss as opposed to taking diet pills. Eating â€Å"good† carbohydrates will make a difference in one’s weight loss. Many Doctors readily prescribe diet pills without caring about the dangerous effects they have for the person taking them. Women want to be thin, so the doctor helps them to achieve their goal. This is the mentality of many doctors; it is also for some women. Some diet pills whether prescribed or otherwise can have dangerous side effects. Most women who are desperate to lose weight do not care about the side effects, only about the weight loss. The danger of taking diet pills is that many cause emotional and physical dependence. Diet pills can also interfere with one’s metabolism. Diet pills suppress the appetite, which causes one to take in fewer calories. While taking in fewer calories, the metabolism also slows down and causes fat to store in the body. Diet pills are also associated with many health conditions such as: increased heart rate, high blood pressure, dizziness, possibility of seizures and or strokes. Even though, it is suggested to consult your doctor, many women do not care because they are desperate to lose the weight quickly. Becoming thin is the goal for the women who take the pills, they may not consult their doctor in fear that the doctor may not agree with their decision to take the diet pills. If prescribed diet pills are taken, it can help start a diet along with a healthy eating program, but too many women are not interested in doing this. They prefer to let the diet pill do the work and therefore starving themselves and their bodies. Some people do not have self- discipline to implement an eating program along with the diet pills. For example, Alli is an orilstat which when taken remains in the stomach. It does not affect the heart. When one eats any foods with fat, the Alli causes 25% of the fat to be eliminated from the body. Alli does not suppress one’s appetite. Some women want a â€Å"quick fix† when taking diet pills. However, with Alli the idea is to implement a healthy eating regiment when taking it with each meal. When Alli is taken on an empty stomach, does nothing. It must be taken with meals and is effective in helping with weight loss, as it reduces fat absorption in and requires a cut down on fat intake (around 15 grams). The only unpleasant side effects are oily discharge, loose stools and an immediate urge to have a bowel movement. This particular diet pill, Alli, is not an at risk diet pill like many of the others. It does not suppress the appetite, nor cause heart palpitations. It may take up to one year to lose the weight desired, where as taking another type of diet pill that appeases the appetite will cause a person to lose five to ten pounds in a week. However, it states that you must take a vitamin in the evening because minerals are depleted from the body. There are many people who have taken diet pills have died. There is a health risk with diet pills and should always be carefully assessed before taking them. If an individual chooses to take diet pills, doctors suggest following a healthy plan and exercising. In most cases, women, teens and young adults, do not want to take the time, but would rather pop a pill and lose weight quickly, and do not consider the ramifications in their haste. The way we look plays a big role in our lives. It determines the way that others see us and from that, it will determine how we feel about ourselves. The major issue here is our weight. We constantly see images of sexy women which remains in our minds that this is the way to look in order to be beautiful, and because of this, we subject ourselves to abusing our health and bodies just so we can look like the sexy women the media shows and we hear about constantly. Skinny is beautiful. Or at least this is what is on billboards, in magazines, and television, as most women idealize becoming thin. There are many ways to lose weight, but taking diet pills is less of an effort and more convenient a quick fix. This is what the media tells us, lose weight fast! No need to exercise. Many people think that diet pills are safe and effective, but the truth is they are not. In many cases people have died for the simple reason of wanting to lose weight fast because diet pills stimulate the nervous system, can be addictive, and can lead to abuse. The Food and Drug Administration issued a proposal that manufacturers of the diet pills include a warning to the customers about the dangers of their use. The doctor that prescribes diet pills for the safety of an individual, who is obese, also makes certain this person follows a program of exercise and healthy eating. Many doctors who dispense diet pills are careful. But, there are many who have diet clinics where all an individual needs to do is pay a fee and obtain their diet pills without a follow up. The women who are eager to lose weight quickly are in danger of hurting their bodies, especially the young females who do not research and do not care. They are only concerned with being thin and fast weight loss results. With the media screaming to the women, teens, and young adults that the only way to look beautiful is to be thin, will not hinder a woman to lose weight fast, look beautiful at any cost. The cost may result in death.

Introduction to Canadian International relations

Introduction to Canadian International relations The involvement of Canada in World War II played an important part in winning the war for all the countries that were involved in the war. The Second World War according to scholars and history records officially began in September 1, 1939 when the German Nazi’s, under Hitler’s orders, invaded Poland an act that would see Britain and France declaring war on Germany.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Introduction to Canadian International relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Canadian government decided to join the war nine days later on September the 10th 1939 after Germany had declared war on Europe and the rest of the world. This was the country’s first independent declaration of war on a foreign country as well as its first participation in an international armed conflict that would lead to the loss of lives.[1] The number of soldiers that participated in the war amounted to 1. 1 million military men and women who served in ether the air force, the navy, the armed forces or the various Canadian divisions and platoons that fought together with the British. The financial cost that was incurred by the government of Canada amounted to $21 billion dollars during the whole duration of the war. By the end of World War II, Canada was able to have one of the world’s largest air force fleet as well as a navy which was mostly attributed to the various battles the country took part in. Most of the battles that the Canadian army was involved in included the Battle of the Atlantic which took place in the Atlantic Ocean, the battle in Normandy and Dieppe and the Battle of Britain which was meant to deter Hitler and the Nazis from taking over England. Outbreak of the War During the outbreak of the war, Canada was reluctant to participate despite the country being the oldest dominion in the British Commonwealth. The country was however able to raise a substantial nu mber of armed forces to join in the war despite the army being neglected for over 20 years. Before the war, the country’s permanent active militia were only 4,261 in number while the reserve active militia totalled 51,000. This included both male and female soldiers that were ill-equipped and poorly trained to deal with armed conflicts such as the war. At the outbreak of the war, Canada showed a great commitment to the war that had affected Europe by recruiting many soldiers to participate in the war.[2] While the country’s enlistment of over 1 million soldiers was seen to be proportionately smaller when compared to the British and Australian armies, half of these soldiers never left the country when compared to the three-quarter deployments of armed forces used by the other countries. Canada’s role in the war became increasingly important with the defeat and invasion of France as well as Normandy Beach which was an important landing for the British and Australi an forces.[3]Advertising Looking for research paper on canada? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During the 1920’s the country had become one of the world’s leading automobile manufacturers in the world because of the many American factories that were based in the various cities in Canada. The automotive industry was able to produce 800,000 trucks and cars that would be used during the war, a number which far exceeded that of Germany. The industry was able to design a Canadian Military Pattern truck (CMP) that would be used in the various battles the country participated in during the war. This truck was also used by the British army as Britain was now relying on Canada for half of its transportation requirements during the war. The military pattern truck according to historians was seen to be Canada’s greatest contribution to the allied victory in World War II as these trucks were suitable for use in any terrain and they were able to withstand any form of violent attack such as gunshots and bombs. This made the CMP trucks to be suitable for use in armed conflicts and combat as well as in the deployment of soldiers to various battlefronts during World War II.[4] Canada’s Military Contribution to the Allied Victory in World War II Initially, the country’s response to the war was meant to be limited but as more German Nazis were deployed to various parts of Europe, more soldiers were sent out to deal with the increasing armed conflicts. Despite the small numbers of soldiers involved in the war, the country was able to make a huge contribution to the allied victory in the war by being able to build its own armed forces and also arming them with the most suitable weapons. The country was also able to export military fire arms, machine guns, rifles and transportation such as the CMP trucks to British allies and armed forces who began relying on Canada for the militar y equipment.[5] The Canadian industrial sector was able to produce over 11 billion dollars worth of ammunition, small and heavy firearms, 16,000 aircraft that would be used for air assaults, 50,000 tankers and 9,000 boats and ships that would be used by the country’s navy personnel as well as the allied forces in battle ship attacks. The country’s industry was also able to produce field artillery equipment such as radar sets and electronics that would be used in the surveillance activities of the armed forces. The Canadian industrial sector was able to increase its efforts in the production of weapons and war materials to aide in the war effort.[6]Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Introduction to Canadian International relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In part, the industry was seen to be a major contributor to the allied victory in World War II. The industry saw the establishment of a Department of Munitions and Supply in the country as well as the Wartime Industries Control Board in 1940 that would both be used in overseeing the production of weapons and war materials during World War II. These two government bodies would also regulate the prices of war materials to ensure that the allied countries were able to afford ammunitions during the war. In 1945, Canada was able to be ranked fourth as the leading manufacturer of war materials, weaponry and machinery after countries such as the United States, the Soviet Union and Great Britain.[7] During the war, Canada in partnership with Great Britain was able to operationalise the British Commonwealth Air Training program which saw 13 5,000 pilots being trained to take part in air combat and plane assaults. The pilots were trained on war tactics as well as on air assaults by using missiles and bombs. The country was also able to build over 300 air fields during the first year of the war which would be used by both the Canadian air force and the allied countries that were participating in the war. These airfields also served as rescue centres and first aid clinics for soldiers who had been injured during the war. With regards to aircraft, the Canadian industrial sector was able to produce 16,000 aircraft for its allied forces on top of providing training for their pilots. This was seen to be one of the largest productions of aircraft during that time as there were only eight aircraft plants in the country before the war that were able to manufacture 40 airplanes in a year. The production levels increased during the war from 40 to 4,000 aircrafts being produced every year which was made possible by increasing the factory space used to produce aircraft by more than 500,000 feet. [8] Because of this expansion, the country was awarded a contract by its ally in the War, Britain, to produce 1,100 mosquito fighter bombers that would be used in air assaults by the commonwealth allies. These bombers contr ibuted greatly in the Battle of Britain and in the Battle of Atlantic where British armed forced defeated the Nazis advancement to other European territories. Canada was also able to produce 4,000 naval ship vessels that would be used during the Battle of the Atlantic and also the battle in Normandy. These ships were designed to adapt to different cargoes that were needed during the war such as tankers, trucks and missile launchers and they were also designed to withstand any form of assault such as a missile attack. The Canadian industry was also able to produce 300 anti-submarine warships and also 4 tribal class ship destroyers.[9]Advertising Looking for research paper on canada? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The country also conducted scientific experiments that would be used to develop technologies such as radar and sonar technology that would be used by soldiers at night and also during covert operations. Radar technology enabled the Canadian armed forces as well as other war allies to be able to counter German air and land attacks as well as submarine attacks. The Canadian ships were outfitted with asdic apparatus that would be used to detect any German vessel in the Atlantic Ocean as well as any air attacks. In total, $600 billion worth of war materials and weaponry were manufactured by Canada for supply to the war allies. With regards to manpower, the number of soldiers that were deployed to fight in the war amounted to 1.1 million. The parliament in Canada established the National Resource Mobilization Act which saw the establishment of Atlantic and Pacific commands who would respond to any threats posed by the Germans in the Atlantic. Women were also included in the war with 30,0 00 female soldiers being incorporated into the three divisions of the Canadian army. A national selective service was also organized by the government to control placements of soldiers in the various battlefronts of the war. While one million soldiers were deployed to fight in the war, 600,000 people participated in the war as nurses, doctors and technical teams that were used to repair weapons, trucks, airplanes and other machinery.[10] Canada’s Economic Contribution to the War By the end of the war, many of the countries that had participated in the war (Britain, Australia and New Zealand) were heavily in debt and their economies were struggling as a result of the war. Most of these countries governments channelled their wealth and national income to financing their war efforts against the Nazis, an activity that saw the national coffers being exhausted considerably. Canada’s economic contribution to the war was attributed to the industrial sector where the countryâ €™s government poured a lot of investments in establishing factory plants that would be used to manufacture weapons, aircraft, vessels and war materials to be used by allies in the war. The industrial contribution of Canada was therefore very significant and considerable despite the fact that it began slowly during the initial days of War.[11] After the defeat and invasion of France, British orders for equipment began to increase as they requested for more artillery to combat the advancing Nazi soldiers who were threatening to take over England and the rest of Europe. The establishment of the Department of Munitions and Supply in 1940 gave the industrial sector in Canada more powers and authorities that would enable them to manufacture more weapons that would be used in the war. Various companies that dealt with machinery were also subcontracted by the government during the war to increase the country’s industrial effort towards the production of weapons and other war mat erials. New factories were built to meet the growing demand of weapons by the war allies while old factories were converted into war time production plants to ensure that the growing demand for CMP trucks, naval ships and aircraft was met. As a result of the increasing industrial sector, the country was able to experience a certain growth in its economy given the huge orders for military equipment that countries such as Britain and the United States were making for military equipment. Even after the war, the company was still receiving orders for military trucks and aircrafts from the US which ensured that the country did not run into any heavy debt as was experienced by England and Australia. Most of the public coffers were spent on developing and establishing plants and factories that would be used to develop war materials and equipment. When compared to World War I where the country only produced grenades and shells, more weapons were produced such as small and large fire arms as well as machine guns and assault rifles.[12] Half of all these equipment was sent to Britain but the country was however unable to pay for it all which forced the Canadian government to finance a huge proportion of the British consignments. This was done to ensure that the factories were kept working and to support the allies in winning the war. The country donated a billion-dollar gift in 1942 during the early days of the war to support the efforts of the commonwealth countries and in 1943 it established a mutual aid program that was used to support the ally nations participating in World War II. The financial assistance that Canada gave to Britain during the war amounted to $3 billion dollars while the total expenditure spent by the country during the whole duration of the war amounted to $21 billion dollars.[13] The overall significance of World War II on the economy of Canada was great but it was not as great as that which was felt in World War I where the country was left in a significant amount of debt. The industrial sector in the country was a major contributing factor in ensuring that Canada did not go into any form of financial and economic debt. The economy in the country was actually strengthened by its manufacturing capacity to produce more that 4,000 aircraft in one year as well as 800,000 military vehicles annually. The industrial sector in Canada therefore played an important role in achieving an allied victory in World War II.[14] Impact of Politics in the Allied Victory of World War II As mentioned earlier in the discussion, Canada’s participation in the war began 9 days after the Nazis attacked Poland on September 1, 1939. The decision to participate in the war was approved by the Parliament of Canada with a unanimous vote which demonstrated that the government was committed towards ending the German invasion in Europe. The cabinet immediately dispatched one army division to join the ally forces in the Europe to deal with the advanci ng threat of Adolf Hitler and communist law in Europe. The defeat of the allied forces in France and Belgium in 1940 spurred parliamentarians in Canada to enlarge the number of army divisions that were sent into France and Poland to counter the Nazi forces. A National Resources Mobilization Act was formulated in June 1940 that would be used by the Ministry of Home Defence to train and mobilize armed forces to the various armed conflicts during the war.[15] The resources mobilization act ensured that the number of divisions sent to Europe increased from the original one to more than five divisions which incorporated all aspects of the military; air force, navy and armed forces. Two battalions that were sent from Canada were engaged in the Dieppe raid with British soldiers but the results if the raid were negative as both allies lost to the Germans. This defeat sparked a lot of debate amongst the Canadian parliamentarians who wanted more soldiers to be sent to Dieppe while the militar y commander of the Canadian army, Lieutenant-General A. McNaughton maintained that the army needed to be reserved for the final assault.[16] The government eventually decided to make arrangements with Britain for the First Canadian Infantry Division to join the British attack in Sicily in 1943, a year after the Dieppe raid. The government also insisted on developing a Mediterranean force that would reach division 2 of the military corps to ensure that there were enough soldiers in the field to deal with any war flare ups in the various parts of Europe. This lead to a serious disagreement with Lieutenant McNaughton who still held the opinion that Canadian soldiers needed to be reserved for a final confrontation with the Germans. McNaughton was eventually replaced with Lieutenant-General Crerar at the end of 1943 after the British war office termed him as unsuitable for field office command.[17] McNaughton’s departure from field command made it possible for the Canadian governm ent to send a first division into the Sicilian campaign and also in the mainland of Italy in December 1943. The army was able to take part in the battle of Ortona and it made notable strides in defeating Hitler’s Nazis who had formed a line barring entry into Liri Valley. By the end of August 1943, the 1st Canadian division was able to break down the Gothic Line that was formed by the Germans in the Adriatic sector of Rimini, Italy. While there were many Canadian casualties during the battle of Ortona, the country was able to play a major role in reducing the number of German Nazis within Italy.[18] The Canadian government was committed to getting its troops in action within Italy to counter the German presence there. The development of an allied policy in 1945 between Canada and Britain enabled the country’s troops to participate in war attacks together with Britain. The allied policy ensured that Canadian troops were able to receive the same level of training as the British troops and that they were accorded the same type of treatment during combat training as they other allied forces. The policy also ensured that both countries were able to share military equipment during the war such as military tanks, trucks and heavy machinery.[19] Canada’s then Prime Minister Mackenzie King did not exert himself to achieve an overall direction of the war as he feared that such an act would lead to an interference of international relations between him and Winston Churchill , the Prime Minister of Great Britain and American President Franklin Roosevelt. King wanted to ensure that the political influence of Canada in the war was limited to that of deploying troops to the various conflict areas in Europe. The same way it had little input in the direction of the war was the same way it had little impact in peace-making efforts. The peace conference that was organised in Paris during the summer of 1946 was meant to give the lesser allied of the war such as Canada an opportunity to facilitate the peace keeping efforts between the affected countries of World War II. President King together with several parliamentarians were able to sign treaties with European countries such as Italy, Hungary, Finland and Romania to divide Europe into western and eastern Europe with the eastern part of the country being dominated by the Soviet Union. In the year 1951, Canada together with other countries was able to end the war with Germany through a royal proclamation signed by the Canadian prime minister and western leaders involved in the war.[20] The Canadian government was a major contributor to the war as it was able to modulate the number of soldiers sent into the various countries in Europe to deal with German forces. World War II demonstrated the coming of age of the political environment in the country given its ability to maintain a sense of democracy during the whole war. Political actors in the war were able to make sound decisions that e nsured that the number of casualties in the war were minimised to a smaller number when compared to the First World War. The involvement of the government in the deployment of soldiers also ensured that there were no deficiencies in the number of soldiers that were located in the various areas of conflict during the war. The Canadian army played a major role in defeating the German army in Italy which was mostly attributed to political influence in the deployment of armed forces to the Liri Valley and Rimini as well as to Ortona. [21] One of the most important contributions that the Canadian government made to World War II was the Battle of the Scheldt which took place in Holland in September 1944. The Canadian government deployed the 2 division of the Canadian Corps as well as the 3rd Infantry Division and the 4th Armoured Division to take part in the battle in the Scheldt estuary. The Canadians succeeded in defeating the Germans in Scheldt after several weeks of heavy fighting whi ch meant that the city’s fort was freed for naval and submarine landings during the war. After winning the battle of Scheldt, the Canadian army moved east to take part in the liberation of the Netherlands from German communist rule. The Canadian army and government played a central role in liberating the Netherlands from the Nazis as it allowed the royal family in the Netherlands to move temporarily to Ottawa until the Netherlands was completely free from German occupation.[22] During the end of the War, hostilities within Europe declined and many western allies withdrew their forces from the various countries that were affected by the war. Peace treaties were signed between countries in Europe to ensure that such an event never took place in the future. The Canadian government revised its defence contracts to take advantage of an ensuing confrontation between the United States and Japan and also the Soviet Union. Despite the fact that the war plunged much of Europe into econ omic and political instability, it did a lot in strengthening the ties that Canada had with the United Sates, Italy, Paris and Britain. It’s increasing military industrial sector ensured that military equipment production continued even after the war. Conclusion By the end of the war, Canada had become the world’s number four producer of military equipment as well as war material. The country was able to contribute in a major way to the allied victory in the war as a result of its economic input which came from its industrial sector as well as from its political environment and the military involvement in the war. The production of armoured trucks, weapons and machinery from Canada allowed the British, Canadian army to defeat the Nazi occupation of various European countries during the war. Bibliography Bercuson, David. Maple Leaf against the axis: Canada’s Second World War. Toronto: Stoddart, 1995. Bishop, Chris. The encyclopedia of weapons of World War II. New York: Metro Books, 1998. Boehm, Eric H. â€Å"America, history and life† American Bibliographical Center 39, no. 3 (2002): 574 Bodvarrson, Orn B. and Hendrik V. BergThe economics of immigration: theory and  policy. London: Springer Heidelberg, 2009. Bryce, Robert B. Canada and the cost of World War II, 1939-1947. Toronto: McGill Queen’s Press, 2005. Byers, Michael. The Canadians at war 1939-45. Westmount, QC, 1986. Chartrand, Rene and Ronald Volstad. Canadian forces in World War II. New Jersey; Osprey Publishing, 2001. Cooke, Tim and Edward Horton, Christer Jorgensen, Matthew Hughes and Donald Somerville. History of World War II, Volume 1. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2005. Dupuy, Trevor N. International military and defense encyclopedia, Volume 2. US: Brassey’s, 1993. Fox, Annette B. Canada in world affairs. Michigan, US: Michigan State University Press, 1996 Gann, Lewis H. and Peter Duignan. World War II and the beginning of the Cold War Stanford, US: Stan ford University, 1996. Gauvreau, Michael and Nancy Christie. Cultures of citizenship in post-war Canada,  1940-1955. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Press, 2003. Gibbons, John H. Redesigning defense: planning the transition to the future US defense industrial base. New York: DIANE Publishing, 1991. Granatstein, J.L. Canada’s war: the politics of the Mackenzie King government, 1939   1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975. Magosci, Paul R. Encyclopedia of Canada’s peoples. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1999. Riendeau, Roger E. A brief history of Canada. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2007 Schwartz, Jill. Master the GED 2011. Lawrenceville, NJ: Peterson’s , 201o. Stacey, C.P. Arms men and governments: the war policies of Canada.Ottawa, Canada: Queen’s Printer, 1970 Wishart, David J. Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. Lincoln, US: University of Nebraska, 2004. Zuehlke, Mary. The Liri Valley: Canada’s World War II breakthrough to Rome.  Vancouver, BC: Douglas and McIntyre, 2001. Zuehlke, Mary. Ortona: Canada’s epic World War II battle. Vancouver, BC: Douglas and McIntyre, 2003. Footnotes Lewis H. Gann and Peter Duignan, World War II and the beginning of the Cold War (Stanford, US: Stanford University, 1996) 2 Tim Cooke, Edward Horton, Christer Jorgensen, Matthew Hughes and Donald Somerville, History of World War II, Volume 1 (New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2005) 13 David Bercuson, Maple Leaf against the axis: Canada’s Second World War. (Toronto: Stoddart, 1995) 152 Chris Bishop, The encyclopedia of weapons of World War II (New York: Metro Books, 1998) 94 Chris Bishop, The encyclopedia of weapons of World War II (New York: Metro Books, 1998) 30 Rene Chartrand and Ronald Volstad, Canadian forces in World War II (New Jersey; Osprey Publishing, 2001) 9 Michael Gauvreau and Nancy Christie, Cultures of citizenship in post-war Canada, 1940-1955 (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Press, 2003) 124 J ohn H. Gibbons, Redesigning defense: planning the transition to the future US defense industrial base. (New York: DIANE Publishing, 1991) 107 David J. Wishart, Encyclopedia of the Great Plains (Lincoln, US: University of Nebraska, 2004) 408 Mary Zuehlke, Ortona: Canada’s epic World War II battle (Vancouver, BC: Douglas and McIntyre, 2003) 23 Orn B. Bodvarrson and Hendrik Van den Berg, The economics of immigration: theory and policy. (London: Springer Heidelberg, 2009) 387 Roger E. Riendeau, A brief history of Canada (New York: Infobase Publishing, 2007)301 Jill Schwartz, Master the GED 2011 (Lawrenceville, NJ: Peterson’s , 2010) 330 Paul R. Magosci, Encyclopedia of Canada’s peoples (Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1999)567 Trevor Nevitt Dupuy, International military and defense encyclopedia, Volume 2 (US: Brassey’s, 1993) 445 Eric H. Boehm, â€Å"America, history and life† American Bibliographical Center 39, no. 3 (2002) 574 Robert B. Bryce, Canada and the cost of World War II, 1939-1947 (Toronto: McGill Queen’s Press, 2005) 264 C.P. Stacey, Arms men and governments: the war policies of Canada (Ottawa, Canada: Queen’s Printer 1970) Annette Baker Fox, Canada in world affairs (Michigan, US: Michigan State University Press, 1996) 3 J.L. Granatstein, Canada’s war: the politics of the Mackenzie King government, 1939-1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975) 109 Mary Zuehlke, The Liri Valley: Canada’s World War II breakthrough to Rome (Vancouver, BC: Douglas and McIntyre, 2001) 3 Michael Byers, The Canadians at war 1939-45 (Westmount, QC, 1986) 22